PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES

Relief Printing  Linocut / Woodcut / Wood Engraving  Intaglio Printing
Etching / Aquatint  Drypoint  Collagraph  Lithography
Silkscreen  Digital  Monotype  Monoprint

 
  Relief Printing

Ink is rolled, dabbed or painted on the surface of the block, which is then printed manually or by printing press.

 

  Linocut / Woodcut / Wood Engraving

An image is cut into a flat surface of lino or wood using sharp tools. A thin layer of printing ink is then applied to the raised (or uncut) surface and the image printed by hand burnishing or with a printing press.

Reduction printing is a way of making a multi-colour print from one block, which is cut, inked and printed over several successive stages.

 

  Intaglio Printing

Ink is pushed into marks etched, engraved or indented into a plate and printed on press.

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  Etching / Aquatint

An image is drawn (or photographically transferred) on the protected surface of a metal plate, (copper, zinc or steel) and etched in with acid. Tonal values are produced with aquatint. For each printing, ink is rubbed into the lines, grooves and pitted area of the plates, while its top surface is wiped clean.

 

  Drypoint

An image is created by drawing directly on a plate with a pointed metal tool.

 

  Collagraph

A print made from a collaged block. Various materials such as card, metal foil, carborundrum grit, are collaged on a metal or cardboard plate, which can be inked and printed in intaglio or relief depending on the result desired. The different shapes and textures of the collaged materials are used to create the image.

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  Lithography

A printing process relying on the antipathy of grease and water. Images are created by applying greasy marks to a specially prepared stone or metal plate.

An image is drawn on a special stone or metal plate, using greasy materials such as oil-based crayons and inks (tusches). For printing, the greasy drawing is inked by rolling the plate's surface with oil-based ink. During inking, the plate's surface is kept constantly wet; this water repels the printing ink, which sticks only to the greasy drawing.

 

  Silkscreen

A porous mesh is attached to a rigid frame. Ink is forced through the mesh onto the Surface to be printed.

An image is hand-painted (or stencilled or photographically applied) onto a 'screen' (a textile mesh stretched over a frame). The painted areas block up the holes in the mesh, preventing ink from passing through in those parts. Ink is pulled across the screen using a special rubber blade, forcing the ink through the mesh and onto the surface to be printed. Several screens may be required to produce an image involving many colours.

 

  Digital

Where the image is created or manipulated on a computer, in a digital medium.

The most recent development in printmaking. The artist uses computer software to create an image directly on the computer screen or to manipulate a pre-existing scanned image to create something new. Digital prints are printed on special papers using inkjet or laser printers.

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  Monotype

A 'one-off' image. An image is painted or drawn onto a flat printing surface and then printed by hand - or press-pressure. The image can be built-up in stages or done in one go. It cannot be repeated in an identical form as it is not made from a block or other semi- permanent printing matrix. It is unique and marked 1/1.

 

  Monoprint

A one-off image. An image taken from a reprintable block (such as a linocut) but printed so that only one if its kind exists, for example, it may incorporate unique hand- colouring, collage or monotype.



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